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实例解析「奥卡姆剃刀原理」在设计中的应用
时间:2019-10-08 09:53:45
文章发布:李阳
原创作者:未知
来源:互联网

交互设计之父阿兰·库珀说过这样一句话:「除非有更好的选择,否则就遵从标准。」在交互设计领域中,有很多被时间和前人验证过的设计法则,这些法则是从用户的行为逻辑中总结出来的,掌握这些法则能让我们迅速有效的完成自己的设计,接下来,笔者通过一些实例来解析下这些原则在设计中的应用。


一、奥卡姆剃刀原理简介

奥卡姆剃刀定律(Occam’s Razor, Ockham’s Razor)又称「奥康的剃刀」,它是由14世纪逻辑学家、圣方济各会修士奥卡姆威廉(William of Occam,约1285年至1349年)提出。这个原理称为「如无必要,勿增实体」,即「简单有效原理」。


二、泰斯勒定律在设计中的应用

引用《通用设计法则》中的解释:「该原理的含义指的是不必要的元素会降低设计的效率,而且增加未预期后果的发生概率。不管是实体、视觉或者认知上,多余的设计元素,有可能造成失败或者其它问题。这个法则还有美感上的吸引力,可以比喻成“剪除”设计中多余的元素,去除解决方案的杂质,最后设计会更严谨更纯粹。」

如果要从功能相同的设计中做出选择,那么最好选用最简单的设计。这里所说的「功能相同」,指的是一般尺度来衡量,设计所展现的功能类似。

1. 只放置必要的东西

简洁网页最重要的一个方面是只展示有作用的东西,其他的都没有。这并不意味着你不能提供给用户很多的信息,你可以用「更多信息」的链接来实现这些。

案例:比如百度搜索首页界面,提起搜索引擎,在国内都会想起百度,不仅是因为搜索内容准确及时,也因为百度搜索首页设计简洁,专注搜索,页面上搜索框是最显眼的,用户刚进入百度首页的时候就可以看到中间的搜索框,然后直接输入文字进行搜索,其他相关信息被放置在不怎么显眼右上角,而且增加了「更多产品」按钮,给需要的用户提供一个信息的入口。

实例解析「奥卡姆剃刀原理」在设计中的应用-艺源科技

2. 减少点击次数

让你的用户通过很少的点击就能找到他们想要的东西,不要让他们找一个内容找得很累。

案例:比如三星充值与支付宝充值流程,如下图所示,三星手机充值界面要完成整个的话费充值流程,需要点击动作三次,而支付宝的充值界面完成整个话费充值流程只需要点击一次,页面流程更短,效率更高。因此,减少用户的点击次数,能提升产品的用户体验

实例解析「奥卡姆剃刀原理」在设计中的应用-艺源科技

3. 减少段落的个数

每当你的网页增加一段,页面中主要的内容就会被挤到一个更小的空间。那些段落并没有起到什么好的作用,而是让顾客们知道更多他们不想了解的东西。

案例:比如雅虎搜索首页界面,雅虎跟谷歌和百度一样,是做搜索引擎的,而且是做的最早的一家,可是现在却没有谷歌和百度使用的人多,有部分原因在于首页设计的失误上。大家都知道谷歌和百度首页最显眼的就是搜索框,没有太多的干扰信息,而我们看看下图中的雅虎首页,最大片的内容区域给了各种新闻和广告,最重要的搜索框在顶部所占的位置却很小,用户本来是搜索内容的,进入首页却看到大段的无关信息,干扰了用户的正常操作。

实例解析「奥卡姆剃刀原理」在设计中的应用-艺源科技

4. 「外婆」规则

如果你的外婆(其他老点的人)也能轻松的使用你的页面,你就成功了。

案例:比如微信的设计,据英媒《金融时报》近日报道,微信活跃用户已近10亿人,微信超过55岁以上用户仅占1%,但考虑到多达2亿的老年人口,这部分用户的增长潜力巨大,微信也越来越关注如何服务好老年用户,比如开通语音和视频聊天功能,提升通话稳定性和质量等。在发红包上,老年用户的活跃度甚至超过了95后,月均发送25次红包。从以上数据来看,微信是符合此原则的。

实例解析「奥卡姆剃刀原理」在设计中的应用-艺源科技

5. 给予更少的选项

做过多的决定也是一种压力,总体来说,用户希望在浏览网页的时候思考的少一点。我们在展示内容的时候要努力减少用户的思维负担,这样就会使浏览者使用更顺畅,心态更平和。

案例:比如谷歌与雅虎首页,谷歌和雅虎都是国际著名的搜索引擎,两者对于信息的检索能力是一摸一样的,但是,两者中间使用最多的还是谷歌浏览器,原因就在于谷歌专注于搜索,页面上展示的也只有搜索框,用户打开页面直接搜索内容就可以。而雅虎的页面信息相比谷歌信息实在太多了,页面上大部分内容都是新闻资讯,搜索反而弱化了,过多的信息很容易让用户迷茫。

实例解析「奥卡姆剃刀原理」在设计中的应用-艺源科技


三、写在最后

以上就是我对于「奥卡姆剃刀原理」的理解以及其在日常设计中的用法,希望对大家有点启发,同时欢迎大家与我们进行交流探讨。

小程序开发
标签: 用户体验 经验分享 设计方法 设计法则
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